Authorship Guidelines

1. Everyone who is listed as an author should have made a substantial, direct, intellectual contribution to the work (i.e., they should have contributed to the conception and/or design of the work; acquisition, analysis, and/or interpretation of data; drafted and/or revised the work, etc.).
   1. Honorary or guest authorship is not acceptable. 
   2. Acquisition of funding and provision of technical services, patients, or materials, while they may be essential to the work, are not in themselves sufficient contributions to justify authorship.
   3. Artificial intelligence tools cannot be authors.
2. Everyone who has made substantial intellectual contributions to the work should be an author. Everyone who has made other substantial contributions should be acknowledged.
3. All authors should participate in writing the manuscript by reviewing drafts and approving the final version.
4. One author should take primary responsibility for the work as a whole. This primary author must be an undergraduate student at the University of Toronto.
   1. This primary author should assure that all authors meet basic standards for authorship and should prepare a concise, written description of their contributions to the work, which has been approved by all authors.
5. The authors should decide the order of authorship together. The primary author will be the point of contact for correspondence from editors and must ensure that all listed authors have received and approved the manuscript prior to submission.